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Introduction
Water has always been
scarce in the Arab world, but growing populations place
ever-increasing demands on the limited resources. Competing claims over water rights can lead to disputes between
countries or between consumers.
The wealthier Arab countries can meet some of their needs by
desalinating seawater. Meanwhile others drill ever-deeper wells which in time may only make the problem worse.
One new and important element in this debate is the concept of
"virtual water". Growing wheat, for example, takes a lot
of water. By importing wheat and concentrating on crops which
require less water, a country can acquire "virtual
water" and use existing resources more efficiently.
Regional overview
Water
resources in the Middle East
(World Bank)
Aquastat
General overview of the water situation in the Middle East (FAO)
Urban
water and sanitation
(World Bank)
Liquid
assets
For the Middle East,
water has always been a politically sensitive issue, linked
as it is food production. (The
Guardian, 25 July, 2001)
Humanitarian hydro-aid: Is water scarcity drowning the
Mideast?
Hussein Amery, Al Arabiya, 4 July 2014
Water resources
issues in the Arab states region
Alain Marcoux, FAO. April 1996
Water Diplomacy
in the Middle East
Mostafa Dolatyar, University of Newcastle, 2000
Water Resources
in the Middle East: a bibliography
Dag
Hammarskjold Library, UN
'Virtual
Water': A long term solution for water short Middle Eastern Economies?
Tony Allan,
SOAS, London, 1997. (PDF)
Watersheds
and Problemsheds
Explaining the absence of armed conflict over water in
the Middle East. By
Tony Allen. MERIA Journal (Vol 2, No. 1) March 1998
Water Wars: a
lecture
Adel Darwish. June, 1994
Nile Basin
Nile
river (Medea)
The
Nile Basin
Evolving approaches to Nile waters management, by Tony Allan,
SOAS, London, 1999. (PDF)
The
Nile Basin
A Cascao, SOAS 2005. (PDF)
The
River Nile, the life of Egypt
Dr. Salah Hassanein
The
Nile River Dispute
Inventory of Conflict and Environment Drought
risk monitoring for the Sudan
Alemayehu Kassa, SOAS 1999. (PDF)
The Egyptian hydro-hegemony
Carles A, 2007. SOAS 2007. (PDF)
Resisting Hegemony on the Nile
Cascão A.E. 2007. SOAS 2007. (PDF)
Sudan's 'Midstream Doctrine'
Saleh, S.M.K. 2007. SOAS 2007. (PDF)
Palestine/Israel
Water wars
Paul Welsh looks at water in Israel (BBC, 15 March, 2000)
Water
wars and peace
Paul Adams (BBC, 9 January, 2000)
Israeli water use and export
(US Trade and Environment Database)
Israel
and water in the framework of the Arab-Israeli conflict
J A Allan, SOAS 1999. (PDF)
The
quality and sustainability of the water resources available to
Arab villages to the west of the divide in the southern West
Bank
D S Scarpa, SOAS (PDF)
Israel's
hydro-hegemony
S Attili, SOAS 2005. (PDF)
Hegemony
and counter-gegemony over shared aquifers
The Palestinian Experience. Messerschmid, C. 2007. SOAS 2007. (PDF)
Definition
of Israel's water problem, or, water as a metaphor
Dan Zavlasky, June 2000
Water
and conflict in the Gaza Strip
Stephanie Goeller, December 1997 (Inventory of Conflict and Environment)
Israel's
appropriation of Arab waters: an obstacle to peace
Ronald Bleier. Middle East Labor Bulletin, Spring 1994
Water
systems in Jerusalem
Historical information about the city's ancient water supplies (Jerusalem Mosaic)
Efficient
use of limited water resources: making Israel a model state
(BESA Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University)
An
assessment of irrigation efficiency in the Palestinian West
Bank
Faten Al-Juneidi and Jad Isaac. Arij (PDF)
Approaches
to the legal aspects of the conflict on water rights in
Palestine/Israel
Jonathan Kuttab and Jad Ishaq. Arij 1994 (PDF)
A
sober approach to the water crisis in the Middle East
Jad Isaac. Arij 1995 (PDF)
Preliminary
evaluation of the aquaculture potential in Palestine
Leonardo M. Hosh. Masters Thesis; International
Agricultural Development, ARIJ 1995 (PDF)
Roots
of the water conflict in the Middle East
Leonardo Hosh and Jad Isaac. Arij 1992 (PDF)
Core
issues of the Palestinian-Israeli water dispute
Jad Isaac. Arij 1994 (PDF)
Towards
a Palestinian water policy
Walid Sabbah and Jad Isaac. Arij 1995 (PDF)
An
evaluation of water resources management in the
Ramallah district
Walid Sabbah and Jad Isaac. Arij 1996 (PDF)
Dryland
farming in Palestine
Arij 1994
(PDF)
The
water conflicts in the Middle East from a Palestinian perspective
Arij 1996 (PDF)
Efficiency
of irrigated agriculture in the West Bank
Jad Isaac, Faten Al-Juneidi, Walid Sabbah and Moh'd Abu
Amriyeh. Arij 1997 (PDF)
Jordan Basin
Jordan
river (Medea)
The
Jordan river dispute
(Inventory of Conflict and
Environment)
Water
disputes in the Jordan basin region
Stephen Libiszewski (Center for Security Policy and Conflict Research; Berne: Swiss
Peace Foundation. August 1994)
The
Jordan river basin: explaining interstate water co-operation
through regime theory
Anders Jägerskog, SOAS 2001
The
sanctioned discourse - A crucial factor for understanding
water policy in the Jordan River Basin
Anders Jägerskog, SOAS 2002
Israel-Jordan
Peace Treaty
Annexe dealing with water issues
Hydro-Peace
in the Middle East: Why no Water Wars? A Case Study of the
Jordan River Basin
J A Allan, SOAS 2002 (PDF)
Why
states cooperate over shared water: The water negotiations in
the Jordan River Basin
Anders Jägerskog, SOAS 2003.
(PDF)
Water
and the Jordan River co-riparians: from zero-sum to positive
sum game
D Philips, S Attilli, S McCaffrey and J Murray, SOAS 2005.
(PDF)
Tigris/Euphrates
Euphrates
river (Medea)
Tigris
river (Medea)
The
Tigris-Euphrates river dispute
Inventory of
Conflict and Environment The
Euphrates river: the politics of water
Rick Francona, November 1999
Iran-Iraq
War and waterway claims
Inventory of Conflict and Environment
One
river's journey through troubled times
The Guardian, 23 August, 2003
The
household water crisis in Syria's Greater Damascus region
Elie Elhadj, SOAS 2004 (PDF)
Arabian Peninsula
Ministry of Agriculture
and Water
Saudi Arabia
Camels
don't fly, deserts don't bloom
An assessment of Saudi Arabia's experiment in
desert agriculture. By Elie Elhadj, SOAS 2004 (PDF)
Household
water and sanitation services in Saudi Arabia
An analysis of economic,
political and ecological issues. By
Elie Elhadj, SOAS 2004 (PDF)
The
securitisation of the Disi aquifer: a silent conflict between Jordan and Saudi
Arabia
F Greco, SOAS 2005. (PDF)
Water
demand management, natural resource reconstruction and traditional value systems
A case study from Yemen, by G Lichtenthäler and A R Turton, SOAS,
London, 1999. (PDF)
Monitoring
qat with earth observation data and geographic information system techniques
A study in the region
of Jabal Sabir, Ta'izz, Yemen. By K Leung, SOAS, London, 1999. (PDF)
Responses
to water scarcity
Social adaptive capacity and the role of environmental
information - a
case study from Ta'iz, Yemen. By Y Mohieldeen, SOAS, London, 1999. (PDF)
Assorted
articles Water
in international systems
A risk society analysis of regional problemsheds and global
hydrologies, by J A Allan, SOAS 1999. (PDF)
Virtual
Water
A long-term solution for water-short Middle Eastern economies? by J
A Allan, SOAS
1997. (PDF)
Precipitation,
people, pipelines and power
Towards a 'virtual water' based political ecology discourse, by A R Turton,
SOAS 1999. (PDF)
Water
and state sovereignty
The hydropolitical challenge for states in arid regions, by A R Turton,
SOAS 1999. (PDF)
Water
scarcity and social stability
Towards a deeper understanding of key concepts needed to
manage water scarcity in developing countries, by A R Turton and L Ohlsson,
SOAS 1999. (PDF)
Water
scarcity and social adaptive capacity
Towards an understanding of the social dynamics of managing water scarcity in
developing countries, by A R Turton, SOAS, London, 1999. (PDF)
Middle
Eastern hydropolitics
Interpreting constructed knowledge - a review article by J A Allan,
SOAS 1999. (PDF)
Great Man-Made River
The Libyan project explained
Water issues of the
Golan Heights
Golan Heights Information Server - an Israeli view
Global
systems ameliorate local droughts: water, food and trade
by J A Allan, SOAS 1999 (PDF)
Financing
major water projects in the poorest economies
Elie Elhadj, SOAS 2001 (PDF) Islamic
finance to aid water utilities
Elie Elhadj, SOAS 2001 (PDF)
The
turning of a screw
Social resource scarcity as a bottle-neck in adaptation to water
scarcity, by Leif Ohlsson and A R Turton, SOAS 1999. (PDF)
The
Regional Water Balance Statement
A new tool for water resources planning, by S Merrett, SOAS. (PDF)
Policy
transformation and implementation in the water sector in Lebanon: the role of
politics
Emmanuelle Kunigk, SOAS 1998/99 (PDF) Water
stressed regions: the Middle East and Southern Africa - global solutions
S Jobson, SOAS 1999 (PDF)
Closing a water
resource; some policy considerations
by Brian and Lynne Chatterton
(Former Minister of Agriculture of South Australia and former official of the Government
of South Australia) (PDF)
Water
scarcity and food imports
An empirical Iinvestigation of the ‘Virtual Water’ hypothesis in the MENA
region. By H Hakimian, SOAS 2003. (PDF)
Water
transfer versus desalination in North Africa
Saad A. Alghariani, SOAS 2003. (PDF)
Water websites
SOAS
Water Issues Group
(School of Oriental & African Studies, University
of London). List of published papers is here.
Middle East
Water Information Network
(University of Pennsylvania)
Water
in the Middle East
Compilation of links (Columbia University) Water
and conflict
Focusing on the role of water in conflict and co-operation
(mainly on the Israel/Palestine and the Jordan basin)
MERIA
Research Guide
Middle East water issues
Water
Demand Management Forum
Cairo
Middle
East Desalination Research Center
World
Water Council
Global Water Partnership
Global Hydrology
and Climate Center
Wateraid
UK charity dedicated to safe drinking water and hygiene promotion among
the world's poorest people
Applied Research Institute
Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Site includes a publications
list and details of the Water
and Environment Research Unit Nile Basin
Initiative
Ministry of Agriculture
and Water
Saudi Arabia |
