Magnanimous gesture
by Brian Whitaker
Originally published in Middle East
International, 30 May, 2003
NINE
YEARS after north and south Yemen fought a civil war,
President Ali Abdullah Salih and his erstwhile enemy, Ali Salim
al-Baid, were finally reconciled at a meeting in Abu Dhabi last
Sunday [MAY 25].
Following unification of the
country in May 1990, the ruling parties from both parts - the
northern General People's Congress (GPC) and the southern
Socialist Party - formed a coalition government. Salih became
president with al-Baid as his deputy but quarrels ensued,
paralysing government.
In 1994 the Socialists - who had
retained control over the southern armed forces - attempted to
secede from the union but were quickly defeated.
Al-Baid, who has lived in exile in
Oman ever since, was one of four Socialist leaders convicted of
treason and sentenced to death in their absence when the war
ended.
Last week, in a televised
broadcast to mark the 13th anniversary of Yemeni unification,
Salih pardoned the four and urged them "to take part in
building the country which has enough room for everyone".
A few days later, during a visit
to the United Arab Emirates, Salih met al-Baid for the first time
since the war and reportedly promised that all exiled Socialist
officials could "return to practising their political and
civil rights and [leading] a safe life" in Yemen.
In another conciliatory move, the
president has also appointed Salim Salih Mohammed, a prominent
Socialist who was more ambivalent than al-Baid about the secession
attempt, to be his special adviser.
Magnanimous gestures towards old
foes are a familiar ingredient of Salih's leadership style - but
only when he is sure the foes no longer pose a threat.
In this case, his generosity may
have been prompted by the Socialists' poor showing in last month's
[APRIL] election when they won only seven of the 301 parliamentary
seats. It was the first time the party had contested parliamentary
elections since the war, having boycotted the polls in 1997.
Assessments of the latest election
suggest that electoral processes worked more smoothly than in the
past, though the Washington-based National Democratic Institute
highlighted "political intimidation, underage voting,
inappropriate behaviour by security forces, vote buying and
obstruction by GPC counting commissioners".
A report by Sheila Carapico, a
Yemen expert who observed the election, described the GPC's
campaign as "quintessential pork-barrel politics: if you want
better community services, a civil service job or government
contracts, only the ruling party can deliver.
"This message ... resonated
in the small towns and rural areas that still lack potable water,
round-the-clock electricity, paved streets and adequate
educational facilities. Some citizens heard it as a threat to
withhold funds from constituencies and even voting precincts that
failed to support the president's party."
This is perhaps the main reason
why opposition parties, of whatever complexion, have so far been
unable to make serious inroads into the GPC's overwhelming
majority.
"Yemen might be an emerging
Arab democracy, gradually but steadily improving on the electoral
process," Ms Carapico concluded. "Alternatively, it
could be on the road to becoming a one-party quasi-democracy, like
Egypt, wherein opposition parties are allowed to compete but not
to win."
In the customary post-election
cabinet reshuffle, Abdul Kader Bagammal remained as prime
minister, though there are 17 newcomers to the 35-member
government which promises to make fighting poverty, reforming
education and combating terrorism its main priorities. As a
headline in the Yemen Times put it: "New faces, same
challenges".
On the security front, the United
States has formally indicted two fugitive Yemenis, Jamal al-Badawi
and Fahd al-Qusaa, in connection with the suicide attack on USS
Cole that killed 17 sailors in Aden harbour in October 2000. Al-
Badawi had previously been named by Yemen as one of the main
suspects. Both men are alleged to have al-Qaeda connections.
On May 10 a Yemeni who appears to
be an Islamic militant, possibly with al-Qaeda links, was
sentenced to death for murdering three American missionaries at a
Baptist hospital in Ibb province last December. The man, Abed
Abdel Razzak Kamel, 30, reportedly said his aim was to take
revenge on Christians and Americans.
Protesting in court at the
sentence, he said: "The ruling is a political one and
violates Islamic sharia law."
In the same courtroom four days
later, a judge was injured by a man who threw a grenade.
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