In May 2024, the chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) asked the court to issue warrants for the arrest of Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu, foreign minister Yoav Gallant and three Hamas officials on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Before making a decision on the warrants, the court took the unprecedented step of agreeing to consider 63 submissions on the merits of the case from a diverse collection of states, organisations and individuals. None of them were direct participants in the case and were making submissions as amici curiae – "friends of the court".

The court set a maximum length of 10 pages for each submission, with a delivery deadline of August 6.

Below is a list of the approved "friends of the court", with links to the submissions published on the ICC website. The prosecutor issued a "consolidated response" to the submissions on August 23.

States

1. Argentina

2. Brazil

3. Chile and Mexico

4. Colombia

5. Congo (DRC)

6. Czech Republic

7. Germany

8. Hungary

9. Ireland

10. Norway

11. Palestine

12. South Africa, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Comoros, and Djibouti

13. Spain

14. United States of America

Organisations

15. Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association

16. Al-Haq Law in the Service of Mankind (Al-Haq), Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights (Al-Mezan) and the Palestinian Center for Human Rights (PCHR)

17. Al-Quds Human Rights Clinic and Al-Quds University

18. ALMA – Association for the Promotion of International Humanitarian Law

19. Arab Organisation for Human Rights UK (AOHR UK)

20. Association des Juristes pour le Respect du Droit International and Fédération Internationale pour les Droits Humains

21. Avocats pour la Justice au Proche-Orient (AJPO)

22. Canadian Union of Jewish Students (CUJS) and the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS)

23. Centre for European Legal Studies on Macro-Crime (MACROCRIMES)

24. Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs

25. European Centre for Law & Justice

26. Guernica 37 Chambers

27. High Level Military Group

28. Hostages and Missing Families Forum and the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights

29. ICJ Norway and Defend International Law

30. International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists

31. International Centre of Justice for Palestinians and the Centre for Human Rights Law (SOAS University of London)

32. International Commission of Jurists

33. Israel Bar Association

34. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs and the Institute for NGO Research

35. Jerusalem Institute of Justice

36. Law for Palestine

37. Lawyers for Palestinian Human Rights

38. League of Arab States

39. Open Society Justice Initiative, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, REDRESS Trust, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International

40. Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

41. Palestine Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR)

42. The Hague Initiative for International Cooperation

43. The Palestinian Association for Human Rights (witness)

44. Touro Institute on Human Rights and the Holocaust

45. UK Lawyers for Israel, B’nai B’rith UK, the International Legal Forum, the Jerusalem Initiative and the Simon Wiesenthal Centre

46. University Network for Human Rights, International Human Rights Clinic, Boston University School of Law, International Human Rights Clinic, Cornell Law School and the Lowenstein Human Rights Project, Yale Law School

* Additional submission by United Nations Mandate Holders of the Human Rights Council

Individuals

47. Arpit Batra (independent attorney)

48. Assistant Professor Halla Shoaibi and Professor Asem Khalil

49. Dr Robert Heinsch and Dr Giulia Pinzauti

50. Dr Shahd Hammouri

51. Mr and Mrs Serge and Beate Klarsfeld

52. Mr Eli M. Rosenbaum

53. Professor Adil Ahmad Haque

54. Professor David Chilstein

55. Professor John Quigley

56. Professor Neve Gordon

57. Professor Richard Falk and Professor Michael Lynk

58. Professor Sascha Dominik Dov Bachman, Dr Deborah Mayersen, Professor Gregory Rose and Dr Colin Rubenstein

59. Professor Steven E. Zipperstein

60. Professor William Schabas

61. Professors Yuval Shany and Amichai Cohen

62. UN Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups

63. US Senator Lindsey O. Graham